Here, the authors demonstrate the ability of a decoy cellpenetrating peptide in targeting pcna by inhibiting dna replication fork progression and pcnaregulated dna repair. Urine decoy cells were identified in 2181 cases 25. Reactivation of polyomavirus infection with shedding of infected urothelial cells decoy cells is estimated to occur in 10% to 60% of renal transplant recipients, but clinically significant disease occurs in less than 5%. Polyomavirusinfected decoy cells in cytocentrifuged urine. To conclude, routine urine cytology of post renal transplant patients with worsening. Canada balsam and observed for typical decoy cells bearing viral inclusions by carl zeiss light microscope. Abundant urinary decoy cells were found in 28 recipients 6%, while scant urinary decoy cells. Detection of polyomavirusinclusion bearing cells decoy cells in the urine and quantification of bk virus dna in the plasma have been proposed as surrogate markers for polyomavirus replication. Bright field microscopy to detect decoy cells due to bk virus infection in the fresh and unstained urine sediment in kidney allograft recipients jose a. View and download lg fastap decoy user manual online.
Phasecontrast microscopy without staining is a simple test to screen the urine of transplant recipients for bk nephritis. New icell covid19 cellular vaccine program launched by. Quiz page january 2016 american journal of kidney diseases. A qualitative highly predictive urinary test for polyomavirus nephropathy pvn is the pvhaufen test. In our unit decoy cell assessment is routinely and cost effectively used to detect bk viral infection. Sorrento therapeutics has launched its breakthrough i cell covid19 cellular vaccine program and is currently engaged in intensive consultations with the fda to accelerate development, with the. Analysis of the size of cell aggregates formed by mdamb231 cells and a more highly metastatic version of the same breast cancer cell line d3h2ln cells with or without the platelets or the mixture of platelets and decoys revealed that although addition of functional platelets significantly increased the size of the cancer cell aggregates p 0. Too grouped up, too many, too ugly, too goofy and too unexpected wont work. Bright field microscopy to detect decoy cells due to bk. The phantom decoy effect in perceptual decisionmaking. Decoy cells owe their name to their strong resemblance to cancer cells, and may as such confuse the diagnosis of either viral. The specificity of decoy cell excretion was examined in urine collected from 483 renal allograft recipients, including five patients with polyoma virus disease. Polyoma virus, decoy, renal transplant, urine cytology. Bk polyomavirusassociated nephropathy bkvan affects up to 15% of renal transplant recipients and is an important cause of graft failure, due to insidious inflammatory destruction of the.
We are also grateful to the authors, editors and publishers of all. The itasser decoy set i was taken from the trajectories of the itasser simulations which include 12,50032,000 raw decoys for each protein target. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of these toxicities is required to improve the safety profile of cart cells. Based on urinary decoy cell and serum bkpyv pcr results, 66% of the patients were assigned to the no decoy cells group, 17% to the decoy cells, no viraemia group and 17% with decoy cells. Decoy cells may also be mistaken for malignant cells. Middle east journal of family medicine volume 7, issue 10 chief editor. When decoy cells derive from the uroepithelium, the heavily enlarged and altered nuclei as well as the irregular shape of the cell body can mimic the changes observed in neoplastic cells 2,5. Journal of international academic research for multidisciplinary impact factor 1. Pdf detecting decoy cells by phasecontrast microscopy. The phantom decoy effect in perceptual decisionmaking 1. Collectively, these results show that bortezomib has differential cellular and molecular effects in human breast cancer cells.
A 56yearold man with a history of multinodular goiter after total thyroidectomy, chest wall melanoma treated with curative resection, and hypertension was given a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic. Bk polyomavirus nephropathy in two kidney transplant. Several viruses mediated the emergence of decoy cells, amongst which cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus. The finding of decoy cells in the urine indicates the reactivation of a polyomavirus pv within some epithelial cells of the urinary tract. Comparison of detecting methods of bk virus infection in. Fourteen of these patients were selected because of current or recent decoy cell positivity, whereas the other six patients were selected as negative controls on the basis that they had never had decoy cells.
Lack of coarse chromatin, nuclear membrane irregularity and correlation with cystoscopy findings and clinical scenario are critical to differentiate them. Decoy cells are mostly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients who are treated with. Differential cellular and molecular effects of bortezomib. Product assortment competition with the decoy e ect. In a mouse model of metastasis, simultaneous injection of the platelet decoys with tumor cells.
Product assortment competition with the decoy e ect anton kleywegt, xinchang wang h. Prospective study of polyomavirus type bk replication and. The diagnosis is based on immunohistochemical findings or polymerase chain reaction on renal biopsy. Pdf decoy cells due to polyomavirus bk infection in the. To evaluate the prevalence of bk virus bkv infection in renal transplant recipients based on the detection of urinary decoy cells. Decoy cells are mostly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients who are treated with immunosuppressive medication in order for their immune system not to reject the foreign transplanted organ. They would try to decoy the enemy towards some of the hidden groups, where they would be outnumbered. Memory t cells stimulate t helper lymphocytes and cytotoxic t cells. Promoting selfdirected learning in family medicine.
A useful clue to posttransplant polyoma virus infection. A decoy receptor is a receptor that is able to recognize and bind specific growth factors or cytokines efficiently, but is not structurally able to signal or activate the intended receptor complex. The presence of viral inclusions, known as decoy cells, in urine and the presence of bkv dna in plasma have been proposed as markers for the replication of bkv and associated nephropathy. Advances in urine microscopy american journal of kidney. The decoy effect is usually measured by comparing the frequency of choice of the target, a in the absence of the decoy, c, compared with when the decoy is present in the consideration set. The plan is that marie decoys the victim into a position that will give bobbie plenty of time to take aim. Urinary decoy cells and blood bkv dna polymerase chain reaction are used in the screening, but their positive. An innate interaction between il18 and the propeptide. Decoy definition is a pond into which wildfowl are lured for capture.
Using the presence of decoy cells as the standard for the diagnosis of a bkv infection, the bkv viruria threshold of 1. Background bk polyomavirus is one of the common posttransplant viral infections, affecting. The role of urine cytology for decoy cells as a screening tool in. Bkv cytopathic effect of dc must not be confused with highgrade. Decoy cells are virus infected urothelial cells with a distinct morphology of enlarged nuclei and intranuclear inclusions.
Decoy cells are virally infected epithelial cells that can be found in the urine. Middle east journal of family medicine volume 8 issue 5 editorial from the editor a. The tumorigenic metabolism transformation was confirmed through the increase of ecar and decrease of ocr in cdc20 knockdown cells. The role of decoy cells in urine cytology in detection of polyomavirus infection in post renal transplant patients three species, bk virus, jc virus and simian virus sv40 causes disease in humans. Detection of bk virus in urine from renal transplant. A cell derived from b or t lymphocytes that can quickly recognize a foreign antigen to which the body has been previously exposed.
Therefore, in bkv nephropathy, decoy cells also originate, probably in the renal. Researchers working on decoy molecule to fool covid19. The intracellular location of decoy odns in the cultured cells transfected with hvjliposome was determined by fluorescent microscopy of cells transfected with fitclabeled decoy odns. Definite presence of decoy cell, was proved by qualitative pcr of urine in all cases with positive sample figure 1. They further elaborated that presence of decoy cells along with high creatinine levels is a better indicator of virus presence. Pyv virology and pathobiology in the context of renal transplantation, immunosuppression and bkvan, and, decoy cell cytomorphology and cytopreparation with commentary are highlighted. This article evaluates whether a quantitative pvhaufen analysis, that is. The search for decoy cells dc in urine is widely used as screening for bk virus bkv reactivation in transplant recipients. Reducing calcineurin inhibitor first for treating bk. Any kidney transplant unit should have the ability to detect decoy cells. Sp1 decoy transfected to carcinoma cells suppresses the. After a longterm culture for 34months, cdc20 knockdown cells in acidic medium showed a strong tumor formation ability by subcutaneous injection into mice, which is more alike tumor cells. Urine cytological examination showed decoy cells and subsequently revealed on histopathology. A useful clue to posttransplant polyoma virus infection v geetha, lakshmi rao, vidya monappa, ms susmitha, and ravindra prabhu 1 department of pathology, kasturbha medical college and hospital, manipal university, manipal, karnataka, india.
The value of urinary decoy cells finding in patients with kidney transplantation. Results and discussion in thirtythree of all examined urine samples 44% were discovered typical decoy cells fig. A549 and u251 cells were seeded on chamber slides and incubated with 10% fbssupplemented medium for 12 h to allow the cells. Herein, we describe a xenograft model of offtumor cart cell associated toxicity. The presence of decoy cells 10 decoy cells and red blood cells 100 e per cytospin smear was semiquantitatively determined, along with analysis of inflammatory cells neutrophilic granulocytes and fungi. The clinical features associated with infection of renal transplant patients include asymptomatic infection most common, acute and chronic allograft dysfunction, and hemorrhagic cystitis. Treatment of skbr3 cells with bortezomib combined with pharmacologic inhibitors of egfr, phosphatidylinositol 3.
Any kidney transplant unit should have the ability to detect decoy cells by phasecontrast microscopy on a spot urine. It acts as an inhibitor, binding a ligand and keeping it from binding to its regular receptor. The hallmark of the pvbk infection is the presence in the urine of so. A decoy setup that works national wild turkey federation. The value of urinary decoy cells finding in patients with. Platelet decoys inhibit thrombosis and prevent metastatic.
Urine microscopy is an important tool for the diagnosis and management of several conditions affecting the kidneys and urinary tract. Decoy cells due to polyomavirus bk infection in the urine sediment of a patient with lupus nephritis article pdf available in lupus 2214 september 20 with 16 reads how we measure. Milton stewart school of industrial and systems engineering, georgia institute of technology, atlanta, ga 30332. Such cells known as decoy cells can be identified by urine cytology.
By zeljko vidas, maja misic, arijana pacic, franjo jurenec, mladen knotek and ika kardumskelin. Phantom decoy effects, however, have not been demonstrated in perceptual choice. The report of a case of decoy cells in the urine of a patient with renal. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna, an important dna replication and repair protein, is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Decoy cells in the urine due to polyomavirus bk infection. Decoy cells in the urine cytology of a renal transplant recipient. To determine the role of urine cytology for decoy cells as a screening tool for polyomavirus type bk bkv infection in renal.
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